Geography
Morphology is the shape of the city
Site is the absolute location and physical characteristics of a place
Situation is the position relative to much traveled transport routes, productive farmland, manufacturing, other towns/cities. Situation can change.
Morpholgy
smallest in size; few dozen people; limited services ; clustered housing
ex-general store where you get everything you need like Walmart
larger than hamlets; offer more services
Instead of a general store, there may be more stores specializing in the sale of food, clothing, furniture, and other small items.
large, densely populated areas that may include tens of thousands of people
have a well-defined central business district and suburbs
may also have commercial centers or shopping malls.
Ex- Atlanta, GA
large population, large land area, central city and its suburbs (also referred to, at times, as an urbanized area)
large in urban hierarchy
massive urban "blob" of overlapping, integrated metropolitan areas whose distinctive boundaries are increasingly difficult to find
Ex- Bosnywash
clustered human settlement larger than a village; may range from a few to thousands of inhabitants (even hundreds of thousands); generally many goods and services are available.
What is CBD ??
A central business district (CBD) is the commercial and business centre of a city. Every city model includes a Central business district. The central business district is the busier part of every city and results in high land costs.
What serviices are found in a CBD?
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Mostly department stores because they each require a large threshold. Also these department stores often
cluster together. -
tallest buldings in the city ( ex : skyscrapers in Hong Kong)
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apartments
An example is Buenos Aires central business district, the capital of Argentina.Its north-south axis runs from Monserrat in the south to Retiro railway station in the north. Its east-west axis runs from Buenos Aires Ecological Reserve and Puerto Madero.
The difference from a hamlet, village, town, city, metropolis, and megalopolis is that each one is either bigger or smaller then each other. The smallest is a hamlet and the biggest is a megalopolis. Heres the order from smallest to biggest
Hamlet
Village
Town
City
Metropolis
Megalopolis
Types of models
Im going to talk about a concentic zone , sector, and multiple nuclei model.
This on the left is a Multiple Nuclei Model. It was developed in the 1940s by Chauncy Harrias and Edward Ullman. They based this on the layout of Chicago.It says that even though a city may have begun with a central business district other smaller CBDs develop on the outskirts of the city near the more valuable housing areas to allow shorter commutes from the outskirts of the city.
There main goals were to
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Move away from the concentric zone model
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To better reflect the complex nature of urban areas, especially those of larger size
This is the burgess model on the left.It is one of the earliest theoretical models to explain urban social structures. It was devoloped in 1925 by Ernest Burgess.
The zones identified are:
1. The center was the CBD
2. The transition zone of mixed residential and commercial uses or the zone of transition
3. Working class residential homes (inner suburbs), in later decades called inner city or zone of independent working men's home
4.Better quality middle-class homes (Outer Suburbs) or zone of better housing
5.Commuters zone
It got rearranged later on because they realized that it doesn't work well with cities outside the U.S
The hoyt sector model was developed in 1930s. It answered the drawbacks of burgess model. Homer Hoyt suggested in 1939 that zones expand outward from the city center along railroads, highways, and other transportation arteries. While making this model Hoyt saw that it was common for low-income households to be near railroad lines, and commercial establishments to be along business thoroughfares.
Urban Realms Model
what is an Urban Realms model, you might ask well an urban realms model is, each realm is separate and is used for its own purpose, but all the realms are linked together to form one large city. Each realm is its own smaller city, but form one large metropolis when linked together. In other words it different cities, counties, districts, in one big metropolis
What is NIMBY?
NIMBY means not in my back yard.It is a pejorative characterization of opposition by residents to a proposal for a new development because it is close to them, often with the connotation that such residents believe that the developments are needed in society but should be further away. The residents are often called Nimbies and their state of mind is called Nimbyism.
EX of NIMBY;Unfinished tower in Tenleytown, Washington, D.C. that was later removed as a result of complaints from the local neighborhood
Latin American City Model
A latin american city model was developed in 1980, by geographers Ernest Griffin and Larry Ford.Their general model claims that Latin American cities are built up around a core central business district. Out of that district comes a commercial spine that is surrounded by elite housingThese areas are then surrounded by three concentric zones of housing that decrease in quality as one moves away from the CBD.
African City Model
A famous geographer created the African city model. Around ethnic neighborhoods, mining and manufacturing zone comes next. Sometimes mixed in with the ethnic neighborhoods.
On outer part of cities are the informal satellite townships (squatter settlements). In the this are, people make homes anywhere, private or public. Usually consist of poor neighborhoods. SubSaharan African City Model CBD: Central Buissness District In the Beginning... Subsaharan Africa had countries with some of the world's lowest level of urbanization
Southeast Asian Model
The Southeast Asian model was devolped in 1967 by T.G. McGee. High class residential zones stem from center.Middle class located in the inner city.Squatters and lower class in the periphery.
In SE Asia, suburbs contain middle class
Shows a larger middle class in South East AsiaBackground
New Urbanism
New Urbanism is an urban design movement which promotes environmentally friendly habits by creating walkable neighborhoods containing a wide range of housing and job types. It devoloped in the early 1980s in the United States. It influenced many aspects of of real estate development, urban planning, and municipal land-use strategies.
A Key West style house in Baldwin Park, Florida
example
WHITE FLIGHT
A white flight is working and middle-class white people that move away from racial-minority suburbs or inner-city neighborhoods to white suburbs and exurbs.
SPRAWL
A spawl is the process of expansive suburban development over large areas spreading out form a city, in which the automobile provides the primary source of transportation.
Bedroom Communties
a bedroom community is a suburban area or town where many commuters live, often quite a distance from the place of employment; also called bedroom suburb , [UK dormitory town]
Zoning
Zoning describes the control by authority of the use of land, and of the buildings thereon. Areas of land are divided by appropriate authorities into zones within which various uses are permitted
